Cervical cancer is one of the most preventable and treatable cancers when detected early. It affects the cervix—the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina—and is most commonly caused by persistent infection with Human Papillomavirus (HPV).

Why Awareness Matters

• Cervical cancer often has no early symptoms
• Early detection can lead to nearly 100% survival
• Many women miss screening due to lack of awareness or access

Risk Factors

• Infection with high-risk HPV types
• Early sexual activity or multiple sexual partners or partners with multiple partners
• Smoking
• Weakened immune system
• Lack of regular screening

Common Symptoms (Often Appear Late)

• Abnormal vaginal bleeding (after intercourse, between periods, or after menopause)
• Pelvic pain
• Pain during intercourse
• Unusual vaginal discharge

Note: Symptoms usually appear in advanced stages—therefore early screening is crucial!

Prevention

HPV Vaccination

• Recommended for girls and boys (ideally before sexual activity)
• Protects against HPV types that cause most cervical cancers

Regular Screening

• Pap smear: Detects precancerous changes
• HPV DNA test: Detects high-risk HPV infection
• Women aged 21–65 should follow screening guidelines

Healthy Practices

• Practice safe sex
• Avoid smoking
• Maintain regular health check-ups

Who Should Get Screened?

• Women aged 21–65 years
• Even if vaccinated, regular screening is still important

How Often?

VIAC: every 3 years if HIV negative, and every 2 years if HIV positive

HPV DNA: – every 5 years from 25- 50years ( Stop at 60)

PAP Smear: – every 3 years 21-65 years

Key Message

Cervical cancer is preventable, detectable, and treatable. Early screening and HPV vaccination save lives.